Project Initiation & Planning

Key Topics:

  • Project Charter & Components
  • SMART Goals Application
  • Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
  • Gantt Charts for Scheduling
  • Project Constraints & Resource Allocation
  • Critical Path Method

Project Charter

Definition

A formal document that authorizes a project, outlining its purpose, scope, and stakeholders.

Key Components:

  • Title & Description: "Renovating a School Computer Lab"
  • Objectives: "Upgrade 20 computers by December 2024"
  • Scope: Includes hardware installation, excludes software licensing
  • Stakeholders: School IT Team, Vendor, Principal
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SMART Goals

Definition

Goals should be: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound

Examples:

  • Non-SMART: "Improve customer service"
  • SMART: "Reduce complaint resolution time from 48hrs to 24hrs by Q3 2024"

Vocational Example (Healthcare):

  • Non-SMART: "Train nurses better"
  • SMART: "Certify 15 nurses in emergency response by June 2025 via 6-week workshop"
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Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Definition

Hierarchical decomposition of tasks into smaller, manageable components.

Example Structure:

1.0 Project: School Science Fair
    1.1 Planning
        1.1.1 Book Venue
        1.1.2 Invite Judges
    1.2 Execution
        1.2.1 Set Up Booths
        1.2.2 Manage Registrations

Tool Practice: Use Trello or Google Sheets to create a WBS for organizing a vocational workshop.

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Gantt Charts

Purpose

Visual timeline showing task durations and dependencies.

Example:

  • Task: "Design Website" (Duration: 2 weeks, depends on "Client Approval")

Tool Demo: Create a basic Gantt chart in Excel or Asana.

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Project Constraints

Triple Constraint Model

Projects balance Scope, Time, and Cost. Changing one affects the others.

Example:

If a client requests additional features (scope creep), the budget (cost) or deadline (time) must adjust.

Vocational Example (Construction):

Allocating 3 workers to foundation-laying for 5 days, costing $1500.

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Critical Path Method (CPM)

Definition

Identifying the longest sequence of dependent tasks that determine project duration.

Example:

For a bakery opening, "Install Ovens" (3 days) must finish before "Test Recipes" (2 days).

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Lesson Summary

Key Takeaways

  • A project charter formally authorizes and defines a project
  • SMART goals ensure objectives are clear and achievable
  • WBS breaks complex projects into manageable tasks
  • Gantt charts visualize task timelines and dependencies
  • Projects balance scope, time, and cost constraints
  • The critical path determines the minimum project duration

Next Steps:

Practice creating project charters and WBS for vocational scenarios.

Check Your Understanding

What are the 5 components of a SMART goal?
Why is a WBS useful in project planning?
In a Gantt chart, what does a horizontal bar represent?